Category Archives: Change & Technology

We saw the technology emerge from the vision

Globe & Mail journalists, June 1944. City of Toronto Archives. Public Domain.

Preface to Revolutions
in Communication 

Working in newsrooms late into the evening hours, my colleagues and I would sip coffee and sift through stacks of news reports and wire service photos from all over the world.

Occasionally, as Atlanta editor Ralph McGill once said, we’d get a sense of the earth wheeling again toward the sun, alive with joys and struggling with sorrows—and all reflected in hundreds of laser photos and wire service stories that could not possibly fit into tomorrow’s daily newspaper.

We lived through the last days of hot lead typesetting, chattering Associated Press teletypes, and Western Union telegrams. We fiddled with the first word processors and struggled with the first modems. We saw the mass media for what it was and what it was meant to be.

In many ways, we were glad that it was the end of an era.
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The allure of new technology …

In 1906, wireless telegraphy was all the rage, and predictions were that soon people would be wearing antennae on their hats and receiving Morse code messages on ticker-tape.

One remarkable thing here is the idea that technology would separate people, rather than bringing them together, which is the usual hope found in the rhetoric of the technological sublime.

See Retro-future of Communications on this site.

Bill Moyers & the environment

Public understanding of science and the environment has been a major concern for some of the world’s leading journalists. This was especially true for publisher E.W. Scripps, CBS anchor Walter Cronkite, and documentary producer Bill Moyers (June 5, 1934 – June 26, 2025).

A White House press secretary under Lyndon Johnson in the 1960s, a CBS correspondent and PBS program producer since the 1960s, Moyers won every important award in television journalism, including a lifetime Emmy, for his innovative and thoughtful programs on public affairs.  Perhaps his best known was the PBS series “Joseph Campbell and the Power of Myth.”

Unfortunately, Moyers was not as well known for his views on the erosion of environmental science and public information in America. “Once the leader in cutting edge environmental policies and technologies and awareness, America is now eclipsed,” Moyers said in a 2005 speech.  “As the scientific evidence grows, pointing to a crisis, our country has become an impediment to action, not a leader.”

Moyers blamed unconventional and deceitful practices by environmentally unfriendly corporations who managed to influence behind-the-scenes decisions in newsrooms through legal threats and public relations campaigns. In an Oct. 1, 2005 keynote speech to the 2005 conference of the Society of Environmental Journalists, Moyers said:

“If the environmental movement is pronounced dead, it won’t be from self-inflicted wounds. We don’t blame slavery on the slaves, the Trail of Tears on the Cherokees, or the Srebrenica massacre on the bodies in the grave. No, the lethal threat to the environmental movement comes from the predatory power of money and the pathological enmity of rightwing ideology.” Text of Moyers’ speech is available here.      

Audio of the speech is available here.

Moyers & Company reports on environment and climate change are available here.

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Social instability and the media

Ezra Klein’s Feb. 25  New York Times interview with Martin Gurri is a fascinating and troubling hour-long ramble through the wreckage of McLuhanism and aging concepts about chaotic information systems.

The highlight is a temporal excursion into the Thirty Years War and the role of the printing press. The low point is a defense of right-wing free speech absolutism that should have been better informed.

Gurri’s book,  “The Revolt of the Public,” argues that the new abundance of unfiltered, non-hierarchical information creates a fractured media system that is fundamentally unstable.  “It knows how to destroy but not how to build,” as Klein says.

This is not a new idea. Jay Bolter’s 2018 book,  The Digital Plenitude, made the same argument about the instability inherent in the erosion of authoritative information. So did Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, although McLuhan approached it from the other side, more or less cheering the erosion of straight-jacketed cultural institutions.

What’s different about Gurri’s book is that he connects this information instability to the rise of authoritarianism in the US with the re-election of Donald Trump.  And he has this to say about the role of revolutionary media using a time machine metaphor :  Continue reading

Remembering Apple’s 1984 ad

It’s been over 40 years since Apple released its famed Super Bowl ad   for the first Macintosh computer. We can appreciate the people who created the ad as well as the concept of liberated computing that it represents.

But we also have to observe the historical irony:  Today,  the most restrictive and least liberated of the big tech companies  is Apple.

When the ad first aired — once, at the Super Bowl on Jan 22, 1984 — it was such a strong and unusual claim that it was replayed over and over on network television.   The claim was that this computer represented a vision of a free internet.  That is, free as in “free markets” and “free speech” — freedom from censorship and dark cycle forced purchases.   Computing that could afford to be ethical. 

Most of all it meant freedom from IBM, which at the time had a strict corporate culture and a record of ethics-free service to government — even the government of Germany in the 1930s.  

Apple was supposed to be above all that, and these days, historians often lead us to believe that it was.  The usual celebrations of Apple Corp., and Steve Jobs gloss over the wretched stuff — the Foxconn suicides,  the the dictatorial tantrums, his astonishingly selfish family life.

The credit for liberated computing actually goes to the open source liberated computing movement led by Ted Nelson, Richard Stallman,  Bill Joy They are the ones who really changed computing.  The Unix operating system and the Apache web server, among many others, are fundamental to the way networks operate today. Without them, computer users would be paying much more for the privilege of getting online, and the prospect of an open World Wide Web would have been foreclosed.      

Most of the articles about the Apple 1984 ad focus on the ad’s style, not its message of liberation.

A Feb. 9, 2024 NY Times article on the anniversary of the ad features interviews with director Ridley Scott; John Sculley, Apple; Steve Hayden, a copy writer; Fred Goldberg, the Apple account manager; and Anya Rajah, the actor who famously threw the sledgehammer. (Little known fact: The hammer was paper mache).

Other videos about the ad include:
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AI sidelines Sports Illustrated

By Bill Kovarik
Jan 26, 2024

Sports Illustrated — once the beloved icon of sports news and photography — has been sidelined for financial irregularities and technical fouls. It probably won’t be back.

The fouls involved articles scraped up through artificial intelligence bots – an ethical lapse which came to light in November, 2023. Worse, the magazine tried to cover it up with AI portraits of the supposed authors. The ruse was quickly spotted and the editor was fired.

As advertisers began pulling out, the remaining editors and management faced increasing financial trouble. Then, on Jan. 5, 2024,  Sports Illustrated defaulted on regular quarterly payment to its owners, Authentic Brands Group. Two weeks later, ABG terminated the licensing agreement and laid off most of the reporting staff.

So, let’s pause for a moment of silent reflection, in recognition that another great institution is passing us by, headed for the intellectual property bone yards, where its icons will be recycled to brand products like designer swimsuits and tennis shoes.

Sports Illustrated was founded in 1954 by Henry Luce of the Time-Life group to compete with two of the major sports magazines of the time — Sport (founded 1946) and the venerable Sporting News (founded 1886). Back then, people thought Luce was crazy to invest in a “jockstrap” magazine, but his timing was good.

Back then, Illustrated magazines were filling the consumer demand for high quality visual experiences while the dominant media — radio and early television — offered audiences only low visual definition. Sports Illustrated also presented better quality journalism and photography than was possible in daily newspapers at the time, and Luce managed to keep all his magazines a step ahead of the competition.

In the 1950s and 60s — a time when politics was America’s most dangerous occupation — Sports Illustrated occupied center field by raising the tone of sports news. Along with sports that were already well covered, like boxing and baseball, Sports Illustrated opened the fields of tennis, golf, football and basketball to greater public participation.

Some of its editorial innovations are still well known, such as the athlete of the year and the annual swimsuit issue. Making the cover of Sports Illustrated was, for an athlete, a lot like a Nobel Prize for a scientist.

However, by the end of the twentieth century, the business of magazine and newspaper publishing fractured under competitive pressures from cable, streaming and internet publications. Advertising and circulation declined, and so did Sports Illustrated, despite valiant attempts to save it.

The magazine was sold during the Time-Warner breakup in 2018 and, after changing hands, was picked up by Authentic Brands Group, which specializes innfranchises like Reebok shoes, clothing brands like Juicy Couture, and commercial celebrity names like Elvis Presley and Marilyn Monroe.

ABG will profit from the Sports Illustrated photo archives and the famous swimsuit editions, if nothing else. But the chances that Sports Illustrated will return from the elephant graveyard of news magazines are probably about the same as those of Sport (d. 2000), Sporting News (d. 2012), or for that matter, general photo magazines like Look (d. 1971) or Life (d. 20 00).

Its not only that the genre is no longer profitable, or that if you want to make a small fortune in publishing, you have to start with a big one.

No.

It’s that the world has moved on. Deadspin, theAthletic, network media like ESPN, and media from individual franchises and conferences have all taken center field now. Magazines of all kinds are long gone.

One reason why all this matters more than, say, shifts in seasonal produce or fashions in furniture, is that print journalism was a quality element in a bundle of services that have come unglued.

Thoughtful writing and brilliant photography no longer have solid financial support from middle America.  Magazines like Sports Illustrated were lost on the amusement park midway and drained of life by the digital-industrial information complex.

There is no fixing the loss of magazines, but there are ways to rebuild the media. Repealing Section 230 would be a start in the US.  Adopting legislation like Canada’s Online News Act and Australia’s News Media and Digital Platforms Mandatory Bargaining Code would be helpful. In Europe, the Digital Services Act is expected to restrain Big Tech and new cross border journalism initiatives will help stabilize financing for some publications.

Recent reform proposals in the US include the Local Journalism Sustainability Act of 2021, 2022 and 2023.  While the act has attracted bipartisan support, it remains in committee while larger antitrust issues get sorted out in US v GoogleUS v Apple,   issues with Microsoft, and US v Meta. 

Still, none of these legal initiatives seem likely to help a media system that everyone uses but many people hate.  Rebuilding trust, serving communities and sharing the power of the media will help more than all the AI – powered high-tech advances that can be churned out by the digital-industrial information complex.