{"id":7169,"date":"2026-01-22T14:21:51","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T14:21:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/?page_id=7169"},"modified":"2026-01-22T17:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T17:41:15","slug":"assembly-petition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/assembly-petition\/","title":{"rendered":"Assembly &#038; Petition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Freedom of assembly and freedom of petition<\/strong> &#8212; two of the six major freedoms in the First Amendment &#8212; have not received the attention they are due in most Media Law and Ethics classes.<\/p>\n<p>However, US history is filled with freedom of assembly and petition controversies, including the labor movement, the Civil Rights movement, and\u00a0 women&#8217;s rights movements. These movements fought for legitimacy against state and federal government fears of losing the ability to maintain order.\u00a0 Limits on freedom of assembly were challenged by cases like De Jonge v. Oregon (1937) which\u00a0 expanded state protections; debates over hate speech, such as the 1977\u00a0 Skokie, Ill. march; and widespread civil rights and campus protests dating from the 1950s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Minnesota protests of 2026<\/strong> &#8212;\u00a0 First Amendment Freedom of Assembly claims surfaced in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ag.state.mn.us\/Office\/Communications\/2026\/docs\/00190_DHS_Complaint.pdf\">lawsuit by Minnesota and the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul against U.S. Department of Homeland Security<\/a>. The suit, which comes after the fatal shooting of Renee Good by an Immigration and Customs Enforcement officer in Minneapolis, argues several violations of law, including the First Amendment.\u00a0 Freedom Forum\u2019s Scott A. Leadingham\u00a0 explains the cities&#8217; lawsuit \u00a0in this analysis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The suit says that the federal government has:<br \/>\nRetaliated against Minnesota state and Twin City officials based on their First Amendment-protected political speech in a way that also impacted residents\u2019 ability to exercise their right to assemble<\/li>\n<li>Engaged in\u00a0viewpoint discrimination\u00a0by targeting the state and the Twin Cities \u2014 but not other jurisdictions \u2014 with increased immigration enforcement based on those state and city officials\u2019 political views<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Early History &amp; State Limitations<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Colonial Roots: The rights of assembly and petition grew from English dissenters, influencing early American declarations to protect assembly for &#8220;common good&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>Federal vs. State: Before &#8220;incorporation,&#8221;\u00a0 the First Amendment only applied to the federal government and states often suppressed assemblies that they saw as having a &#8220;bad tendency.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\"><em class=\"eujQNb\" data-processed=\"true\"><a class=\"GI370e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=De+Jonge+v.+Oregon&amp;rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS1177US1178&amp;oq=controversy+over+freedom+of+asssembly+in+the+US+history&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKsC0gEJMTM3NzBqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QUgaOzz597BzPEFIGjs8-fewcw&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIAxAD\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIAxAD\" data-hveid=\"CAMQAw\" data-processed=\"true\">De Jonge v. Oregon<\/a><\/em> \u00a0<\/strong>(1937): The Supreme Court incorporated First Amendment protections to states, reversing a conviction for organizing a communist meeting, strengthening the right to assemble peaceably.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>20th Century &amp; Civil Rights Era<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Labor: Governments routinely used public safety laws to prosecute gatherings of labor unions, socialists, and others.<\/li>\n<li>Civil Rights Movement: Assembly was central to Civil Rights protests, facing significant backlash, but court cases (like those involving marchers) helped solidify protections.<\/li>\n<li><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Free_Speech_Movement\">Free speech movement:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0<\/em> (1964-65) One of the first campus-wide protests in the US, the movement was sparked by attempts to quell dissent<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\"><em class=\"eujQNb\" data-processed=\"true\"><a class=\"GI370e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Tinker+v.+Des+Moines&amp;rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS1177US1178&amp;oq=controversy+over+freedom+of+asssembly+in+the+US+history&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKsC0gEJMTM3NzBqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QUgaOzz597BzPEFIGjs8-fewcw&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;mstk=AUtExfB3fqbUDq7ManZA8WCK3_0FPAXz24S7qSJ56exKA-ZxDTuawKWHo45d2TfcoBxhAzFNsPgDXE2wzYMLGvwKKbsTejH_9EK6HauClge3_Ixx6Y_z_nlEesZ5jBYorrba62Raujc9tEZ_FNr-uQ43lPe1obPBU7RJVkX_Poux4pz9DvM&amp;csui=3&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBRAD\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBRAD\" data-hveid=\"CAUQAw\" data-processed=\"true\">Tinker v. Des Moines<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong> (1969): Protected student silent protests (armbands) against the Vietnam War, affirming student expression rights unless disruptive.<\/li>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Modern Controversies (Late 20th Century &#8211; Present)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\"><em class=\"eujQNb\" data-processed=\"true\"><a class=\"GI370e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Skokie+March&amp;rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS1177US1178&amp;oq=controversy+over+freedom+of+asssembly+in+the+US+history&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKsC0gEJMTM3NzBqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QUgaOzz597BzPEFIGjs8-fewcw&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;mstk=AUtExfB3fqbUDq7ManZA8WCK3_0FPAXz24S7qSJ56exKA-ZxDTuawKWHo45d2TfcoBxhAzFNsPgDXE2wzYMLGvwKKbsTejH_9EK6HauClge3_Ixx6Y_z_nlEesZ5jBYorrba62Raujc9tEZ_FNr-uQ43lPe1obPBU7RJVkX_Poux4pz9DvM&amp;csui=3&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBxAB\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBxAB\" data-hveid=\"CAcQAQ\" data-processed=\"true\">Skokie March<\/a><\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 (1977): The Supreme Court upheld neo-Nazi groups&#8217; right to march in a predominantly Jewish community, emphasizing broad protection for even hateful speech to avoid censorship.<\/li>\n<li><strong class=\"Yjhzub\" data-processed=\"true\"><em class=\"eujQNb\" data-processed=\"true\"><a class=\"GI370e\" href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=Forsyth+County+v.+Nationalist+Movement&amp;rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS1177US1178&amp;oq=controversy+over+freedom+of+asssembly+in+the+US+history&amp;gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIJCAEQIRgKGKABMgkIAhAhGAoYoAEyCQgDECEYChigATIJCAQQIRgKGKsC0gEJMTM3NzBqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QUgaOzz597BzPEFIGjs8-fewcw&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;mstk=AUtExfB3fqbUDq7ManZA8WCK3_0FPAXz24S7qSJ56exKA-ZxDTuawKWHo45d2TfcoBxhAzFNsPgDXE2wzYMLGvwKKbsTejH_9EK6HauClge3_Ixx6Y_z_nlEesZ5jBYorrba62Raujc9tEZ_FNr-uQ43lPe1obPBU7RJVkX_Poux4pz9DvM&amp;csui=3&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBxAD\" data-ved=\"2ahUKEwiNw-W6qp-SAxWSMmIAHevXDJAQgK4QegQIBxAD\" data-hveid=\"CAcQAw\" data-processed=\"true\">Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement<\/a><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong> (1992): Struck down fees that allowed officials discretion to charge more for &#8220;controversial&#8221; marches, curbing unbridled power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">&#8220;Forgotten Freedom&#8221;:\u00a0Some scholars argue assembly has become a &#8220;footnote,&#8221; subsumed by speech\/association, but it remains vital for expressing dissent and challenging the status quo.<br \/>\nContemporary Issues:\u00a0Debates continue over protests on college campuses, government responses to activism, and defining the limits of peaceful assembly amidst other rights.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Much of the enduring controversy lies in balancing the fundamental right to assemble for political expression and protest against the\u00a0 government&#8217;s responsibility to ensure public safety.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freedom of assembly and freedom of petition &#8212; two of the six major freedoms in the First Amendment &#8212; have not received the attention they are due in most Media Law and Ethics classes. However, US history is filled with &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/assembly-petition\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7169"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7174,"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169\/revisions\/7174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revolutionsincommunication.com\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}